BOOK OF ABSTRACTS. 40th International Polar Symposium – Arctic and Antarctic at the Tipping Point, 4–7 November 2025, Puławy, Poland

Abstract

The Polar Symposium is a recurrent conference, typically occurring every two years, dedicated to Arctic and Antarctic topics, with a long tradition dating back to 1972. Since then, these meetings have been an excellent opportunity for integrating the polar community, exchanging experiences, and a discussion between Polish and international polar researchers representing various scientific disciplines. The Polar Symposium is currently co-organised by the Committee of Polar Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, and the Polish Polar Consortium, and until recently it has also been co-organised by the Polar Club of the Polish Geographical Society. Instead, during the 40th International Polar Symposium, a new Polish Polar Club will debut as an independent association, thus continuing the functioning of the Club since 1974.